The Beginning Of The Vietnam War Essays - Vietnam War,

The Beginning of the Vietnam War Introduction Thankyou for deciding to continue to read. Here I am not trying to be a complete guide to the Vietnam War, but what I think about this hugely misunderstood war. If you want to know about the Vietnam war, I highly recomment the book "Nam, The Vietnam Experience 1965-75"It's an excellent resource, and after a ling time I am still reading it myself, learning new things and understanding more. How it Started A lot is misunderstood by many people about the Vietnam War. There are a lot of politocs behind the war, but on the military side, the following is quite an accurate account of the immediate effects which started the war. It started on the 8 August 1965 when American Troops stormed ashore at Da Nang, South of Vietnam, ready to fight the bloodiest war known to man. of Vietnam, ready to fight the bloodiest war known to man. The reason was simple: there was a communist threat and their [The US] job was to resist it. In 1960, President John F Kennedy saw that South East Asia was under imminent threat, so decided to increase aid to South Vietnam. This was received by Lyndon Johnson in November 1963. He declared that he would not let Vietnam fall the same way as China. The above lead to more corruption, instead of military success; so consequently the US became more and moe involved in politics in the South. In January 1964, plans were drawn up for operations against North Vietnam. These included sabotage and spying for the North, and bombing raids and Naval attacks for North Vietnam's coast. There were attacks on US Naval vessels by the North Vietnamese (NV). Torpedoes were launched but missed, and no American casualties were suffered. After this, Johnson decided to act. He sent out vessels. As the two destroyers approached the coast, a terrible storm broke out: They were convinced that and attack was imminent. Crusaders flew over from. They could see the vessels zig-zagging about: They were under attack. Sonars detected 22 incoming torpedoa and they air craft pilots claimed to have hit three enemy craft. As soon as these reports got to Johnson, he ordered air strikes against coastal targets in the North, and appeared in television commercials announcing his positive reply. First Blood After that, it was all quiet fr the soldiers at Da Nang. They would go out all day, getting hot, sweaty and bored. Every now and then a monkey would set off the alarms, but no real action was happening, it was very frustrating. For a full five months after they had swept the beach, nothing had still happened, until now... About about 0130 hours (1:30am), a Marine sentry a strange noise outside camp. He threw an illumation grenade into the direction of the sound, and as it exploded - so did half the airbase. A furious VC (Viet Cong) mortar barrage swept accross the field. A team of VC sappers charged through a hole they'd clipped in the fence and lobbed in explosions on the parked aircraft. As quickly they had come, they had gone... The damaged caused was not too extensive, and one American was killed. This hardened the Marines, so they decided to "kill them, before they kill us". They did not have to wait long, as in July there was a build up of VC near the Marines. There was another VC build up about 60 miles away at Chu Lai. The Marines went there. On the the 15th August, a VC desertor (who turned up out of the blue) revealed that the 1st Viet Cong Regiment (a force of about 1500 men) had set up base only 12 miles from the Marines' base at Da Nang. Up until now the Marines had not fully used the power of their weapons, so they took up the offer immediately. A Marine batallion was organised to be highly self sufficient - it could move at high speed and could have close air support withing minuetes if they ran into anything big. Their air support would be an HH-34 helicopter, loaded with heavy artillary. This was how the marines decided to take the VC on the Van Tuong peninsula. For the operation to succeed, they had to move fast. Staff officers assembled and the Plan of Action (POA) was drawn up: The Marines were to surround the enemy before they could make a getaway. So they decided to launch the attack from

My Experience in America Essays

My Experience in America Essays My Experience in America Essay My Experience in America Essay Two and half years ago, when I arrived in the USA, I did not know my life would change in a certain way. For example, when I was in Bangladesh I did not have to worry about getting successful in future because I knew when right after I graduated high school in Bangladesh, I would follow my father’s footstep to be a contractor. Mention that, to be a contractor in Bangladesh you do not need much of education. However, life, after I came to America, has changed and I decided to be a person who would help out my own family and the poor people in Bangladesh by being a Medical Doctor. In Bangladesh, where I am from, the living environment is drastically different from the USA. The selectivity of who could pursue a higher education and receive a professional degree limited my potential to grow as a student. I experienced, as a first-hand witness, the sickness and ailments that plagued my country. This motivated me to search for the knowledge and abilities to help people. Coming to the states I felt a liberation; I could release myself to follow a career in health field. I became exposed to opportunities from every corner and I made it one of my goals to take advantage of all of them. Though I was faced with a cultural and language barrier I learned to break through them with dedication, confidence, and a proactive attitude. I seek to pursue a medical career. I think there is always a reason behind someone who they want to be and my reason is to become doctor is because when I was in Bangladesh, I was in a village where we have broken roads, no hospitals, no electricity, no higher education, etc. We did not have any hospital around our area; however, if anyone wants to go to hospital or clinic they have to drive 2 hours just to get to the hospital! It was one of the winter evening, when my neighbor’s wife was pregnant and it was the time she was about to give birth. There were lot of people gathered to my neighbor’s house to help them

Power and Privilege Exclusion by Race Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Power and Privilege Exclusion by Race - Essay Example There is no doubt that the law has been used to further discrimination against racial minorities. The law as a political instrument. In a case called City of Memphis v. Greene, 451 U.S. 100, 123,126-27 (1981), the attempt to use the law as an agent of political discrimination is obvious. A white neighborhood association did not want the members of a black neighborhood to drive through their residential area. The City of Memphis, bowing under the pressure of the whites, passed an ordinance that closed the most convenient street giving access to the center of the city. In what can only be described as a wrong-headed decision, the Supreme Court sided with the residents in the name of "residential tranquility." A more classic use of the law as a political instrument could hardly be constructed. The in-power whites did not want the blacks to drive their streets; evidencing pure racism. Their ability to convince the city to close the street and exclude the black community from conveniently driving to the city center demonstrates a regional disregard for those citizens; and the Supreme Court's action took that disregard to a national level. Imagine, if you were a black resident of Memphis at the time, how disenfranchised you would feel. The city, as well as the nation, is telling you to drive out of your way just to preserve the tranquility of white racists. This is not the use of law, it is the abuse of law to further the agenda of the powerful and keep the out-class down. Justice and fairness. Similar to the case above, and a decision which flies in the face of the notion of fairness, the matter of Hernandez v. New York, 111 S. Ct. 1859 (1991), comes to the fore. In this instance, a prosecutor sought to exclude the plaintiff from sitting on a jury simply as a result of Hispanic ancestry. The claim was made that individual Latinos might have difficulty in understanding written documents submitted during the course of the trial, and should not be allowed to sit as jurors. The implication of this assumption is as bizarre as it is inappropriate. While the Supreme Court sided with the prosecution for technical reasons, the racism implied in the very act is clearly apparent; and its extension as a precedent speaks volumes regarding the political use of power and the law. In fact, it should be noted that "[w]here a rule has such a massively disproportionate impact, it is tempting to equate the impact, exclusion of Latinos, with an intent to exclude that grou p" (Friedman and Israel 1745). While the prosecutor in the case may not have intentionally meant to discriminate against an entire class of people, the notion that Hispanics cannot sit on American juries because they may not speak the language well enough is an ugly message to send. Imagine living in the U.S. as a third-generation Latina and being told that you were unfit for jury duty because you were sub-literate. The point you would get was that you were incapable of participating in the legal system because you were inferior as a result of your race. This is neither just nor fair. Once again, the powerful have designed and are perpetuating the institutionalized structure of excluding any one not resembling the people of privilege.

Leaders, History and Political Science Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leaders, History and Political Science - Article Example This paper outlines that the world is shifting from gigantic entity where every part was seen as separate to the other into a more interlinked entity through economic globalization and through the influence of transnational political organization and growth of population. Liberation on the other hand is actually the contrast of realism in that it sees both state and non-state actors as significant. It also views the international associations’ implications to define the performance not only of great powers but also of minimal powers. According to liberalism, states are disaggregated into entities where some of them functions trans-nationally.  This study declares that  women are still mistreated in different societies in the world today.   Distinctions between individuals with any given state or culture are much superior to differences between groups. Social standing, education, personality, past experience, belief structure, affection shown in the home and countless of other factors will influence human behavior and culture. For example in African cultures, women must stay home and perform all the house chores. There was also a belief that if the husband do not beat his wife, then he does not love her that much. This means that women were frequently beaten and mistreated without any form of defense because people believed that it was a sign of love therefore, there was no need of intervention. India has the men marrying women but   it is interesting to note that it is women who pay dowry instead of men.... A good example of such is the US policy toward Venezuela. The Venezuela President Chavez was bitter with US due to their denial to include Venezuela and other countries in America into United States (Restrepo 33). In fact, the whole of Venezuela was bitter and resentful with the US and that contributed to Venezuela president Chavez to make democracy in the country an intimidating influence to other people. He begun harassing the citizens of the country as a why to show his anger. However, US had to come in, its policy towards Venezuela was that democracy, and the leaders of the country should practice equitability (Shifter 71). In other words, every citizen in the country deserved equitability and democracy not harassment and enslavement. Therefore, it was individual leader; President Chavez who determined the content of US foreign policy to Venezuela (Restrepo 64). The same happened to Syria where US policy towards Syria was elimination of Assad from power due to his dictatorship an d unusual elimination of citizens particularly the University students who protested for murder of their colleague. However, this case was different in that the citizens of Syria supported United States’ policy over President Assad while in Venezuela; the citizens supported President Chavez although he denied them democracy (Shifter 82). 2. Compare and contrast the traditional Realist view of National Security and the Liberal view of Human Security. Are these two views always in contradiction to each other or could they be complimentary? In your opinion, which view of security should be paramount? The traditional realist view of national security is that the state is the main actor

Prometheus Bound Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prometheus Bound - Essay Example As a punishment for this rebellion, the powerful Zeus commanded Hephaestus, the blacksmith of the gods, to bind Prometheus deep in a gorge, in a mountain. Accompanying Hephaestus in this god-given mandate were Kratos and Bia, representing Power and force respectively. After Prometheus is chained in the gorge, he laments about the excessive punishment that Zeus has commanded for him. The Oceanids, the daughters of the Oceanus, the sea God, arrives and start consoling Prometheus. Shortly, Oceanus arrives and offers to go to Zeus to plead with him so as to forgive Prometheus for the rebellion. But Prometheus warned Oceanus that such an action would make Zeus wrath to turn to him, Oceanus. Towards the end of the play, Zeus strikes Prometheus with terrible sufferings, organ devouring eagle that perpetually devours his regenerating liver. In this play, Prometheus is the personification of reason and justice/truth; Prometheus defies the unjust mistreatment of human beings and fights for the common good of human beings. In the process he is cruelly punished by the cruel and tyrannical Zeus. In the face of the power of Zeus, Prometheus is utterly powerless. This fact shows that in the face of tyrannical power, reason is helpless. But despite the cruel punishment, Prometheus did not give up, but continued fighting for the good of human beings. In this play, language is used skilfully to develop the theme of the play. To begin with, in asking Hephaestus to execute his god given mandate to bind Prometheus, Kratos describes Prometheus as a malefactor. As a faithful servant of Zeus, Kratos used this strong term to show the seriousness of Prometheus crime; according to Zeus, Prometheus crime was a very serious crime. Kratos also describes Prometheus as a traitor, this also emphasises the seriousness of Prometheus crime according to the god Zeus. In describing his sufferings after he was bound to the gorge,

Develop A Sustainable Tourism Industry In The Antarctic Tourism Essay

Develop A Sustainable Tourism Industry In The Antarctic Tourism Essay The purpose of this paper is to do research of the tourism industry in Antarctica continent according to the research question of How to develop a sustainable tourism industry in the Antarctic? It is a fundamental to have cooperation from every organization related to Antarctica tourism. Since the continent has been consider as fragile and being the most valuable spot to humankind for exploration in many aspects such as environmental issues. Moreover, the management in this region is quite interesting as there are no permanently resident livings, and seven countries making territory claims during the first half of 20th century. In conclusion, the perspectives from tour operators, tourists and the organizations that work closely to Antarctica are very important to improve and preserve as the world heritage site. Antarctica is the most isolated continent that covers the bottom of the globe; it is also commonly known as the South Pole. It is the coldest, windiest, highest and driest place on Earth with no permanent inhabitants living there. Therefore, it is a challenge to explore Antarctica because of the coldest weather and beautiful scenery with ice covering all region, interesting local animals and plant survival in such area. Travel to Antarctica is one kind of adventure tourism and in the mean time, this can also be education tourism as scientists from all over the world come to study the organism and ecosystem. Antarctica is quite expensive to travel to but most of the visitors find that their experiences are exceed their expectations (Lonely Planet, 2010). This paper also points out about the negative impacts from tourism on Antarctic, especially from human activities toward its environment and means of protecting it. Not only in the Antarctic but also all over the world have concern been expressed about the climate change and global warming. Ozone depletion and melting glaciers are the serious environmental problems to this continent as well. We will see how tourism developments in the Antarctic happen and how to maintain sustainable tourism in this region. There are no restaurants, theaters or shopping malls, what attracts tourists to go there. All of the information above can be found in this paper. Brief Information and Background about Antarctica Timeline History The ancient Greeks who first came up with the idea of this continent named Arktos have known about Antarctica since 350 B.C., but they never actually went there. In the year 1773, James Cook circumnavigated Antarctica that means he was the first person to cross the Antarctic circle. He made a comment: I make bold to declare that the world will derive no benefit from it (cool Antarctica, 2001). In 1820, the Antarctic continent was first seen by human eyes from three men whose separate voyages had been given credit that year. During the years 1840 to 1914 there were many historic trips from the travelers eager to explore the continent and many trips failed and tragedy happened such as a ship that sank and the crew perished because they couldnt stand with the extremely cold weather. The first airplane flight was made by Sir George Hubert Wilkins in the year 1928. December 1, 1959, the Antarctic Treaty was signed to establish the legal framework for the management of Antarctica. In 1991, twenty-four countries signed an agreement that barred exploration for oil or mineral deposit for 50 years (Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 1999). Antarctica Geography, Wildlife and Flora Antarctica is centered on the geographical South Pole with 13.9 million square kilometers or approximately twice the size of Australia. For millions of years snow and ice have built up, making the continent entirely covered by an ice sheet comprises about 98% of Antarcticas surface which is about 95% of the worlds fresh water reserves. The lowest temperatures can drop down as -89.6Â °C. Antarctica is ranked as the fifth largest of the seven continents. The continent lacks an indigenous human population, but is home to millions of penguins, seabirds, seals, whales and temporary home to thousand of scientists and their support staff. The hallmark wildlife of Antarctica is penguins with seven species, only the male hatch single egg for nine weeks on their feet. Penguins feed heavily on fish, squid and crustaceans, its natural enemies are seals and killer whales. Watching flying seabirds is one of the popular activities for tourists while wandering on the cruise. The albatross is the largest flying sea bird with 4 meters wingspan. Other fascinating marine animals are Antarctic seals, using sonar for feeding, mainly on fish, squid and krill (a key species for Antarctic ecosystem). During the 19th and 20th centuries, seals were heavily hunted for their skins, fur and oil, driving them almost to extinction. Today, seals are protected by the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals, which allows a small quota for scientific examination. The biggest warm-blooded mammals on this continent are whales. They live their entire lives in the water and has a lifespan between 20 and 40 years up to 80. Antarctica has be en declared an international whale sanctuary with whaling activities closely monitored by the International Whaling Commission (IWC) (Antarctic Connection, 2010). Many people may be confused and think that there are polar bears in Antarctica but it was wrong because polar bears only live in the North Pole. Because of the hostile climate, not many plants can grow well since only approximately 2% of Antarctica is ice-free. There are only two native plants that can grow a grass and a cushion forming pearlwort (laws, 1989). Mosses, liverworts and lichens are the greatest interest to tourist for photography (Bauer, 2001) as they add some color to the region rather than white from the ice sheet. There are some measures to protect Antarctic wildlife and nature such as: Do not use aircraft, small boats to disturb wildlife, either sea or land and do not make any loud noise to frighten them. Do not feed, touch seals, penguins and birds or make anything to cause them to alter their behavior. Do not damage plants or bring non-native plants or animals into the Antarctic. Tourism in Antarctica and its development Antarctica can be referred to a fragile and unknown continent (Bauer, 2001). The Antarctic tourism industry began in the late 1950s when Chile and Argentina took more than 500 passengers to the South Shetland Islands. The world first expedition ship called Lindblad Explorer was designed in 1969 for carrying tourists to the Antarctic; this was in the period of modern cruise industry. Since then, the number of tourists has grown from a few hundred to more than 30,000 each year as shown in figure 1 below. Tourism continues to expand; WTO (2000) forecast estimated that about 1.56 billion tourists would arrive by the year 2020. Figure 1: The statistics of tourists to Antarctica by nationality in 2008-2009 (source: IAATO) Large scale and uncontrolled tourism can have a destructive impact on the continents environment. Therefore, all of the shipping companies, travel agencies, yachts and air operations have become members of International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators or IAATO founded in 1991 to promote and practice safe and environmentally responsible action in the Antarctic (IAATO, n.d.). No visa is required for travelling to Antarctica, but travelers have to check with the tour operator in case they make stops at other countries. Travel insurance is highly recommended. Late October through early April is suitable time to travel because it is the ice recede period, days are long up to 24 hours of daylight in December and January. The gateway ports to Antarctic region include Valparaiso, Chile; Ushuaia, Argentina and Invercargill / Bluff; New Zealand (Travel and Leisure, 2010). Antarctica is an almost completely inaccessible destination with no land connections or regular commercial flights. Therefore, the only way to experience Antarctica is by joining a program conducted by tour operators: cruises, yachts, over flights without landings. With the absence of a local Antarctic population, one interesting question is; Who will benefit from Antarctic tourism activities? In my opinion, the one who will get the benefit from Antarctic tourism is the tour operator in the term of economics but in the meantime, the tourist will also gain their truly spectacular experience where it cannot be bought. As mentioned in the introduction, travelling to Antarctica can be categorized as adventure and education tourism because of its geography surrounding natural laboratories for scientific research, which cannot be done anywhere else on Earth. The research involves government agencies, private industry, scientists and students from the university faculties. The most interesting research falls among the following subjects: geology, glaciology, oceanography, astronomy, meteorology, atmospheric sciences, biology and medical science (Antarctic Connection, 2010). Therefore, most of the tourists going to Antarctica are scientists and student groups to discover case studies and learn from real experience. What make people want to visit Antarctica once in a lifetime and what are the activities for the tourist while they are here will be described. People who love adventure, challenge and want to explore the extraordinary experience will plan their trip here. Gunn (1988) describes attraction as on location places in regions that not only provide things for tourists to see and to do but also offer the magnetism for travel. The attractions is the most powerful component of supply side of tourism Here are the lists of tourist attractions in Antarctica; Natural Attractions tourist can watch a great natural view from the tall mountains, massive glaciers, ice shelves, huge floating icebergs, flora, seabird, seals and penguins. Scientific Research Stations the popular stations for tourist are the Argentinean and Esperanza. Visits to scientific stations provide a chance to meet inhabitants who spent long periods of their time and have another opportunity to discuss and exchange their travel experience in this region. Historic Sites, Monuments and Huts where the explorers left behind, the most frequently visited huts is the one built by Scott and Shackleton on Ross Island. One concern problem is that too many visitors may damage the sites, therefore the 33 historic huts and sites are managed by the New Zealand Antarctic Heritage Trust and restrict for the maximum number of visitors inside the huts and to ensure that the number is not exceeded (Bauer, 2001). Whaling Station Whaling has become unacceptable for conservationists and these mammals are nearly extinct, but stations such as Whalers Bay and Stromness are included in many cruise itineraries. Travelling to Antarctica is risk-taking; as a result, a professional tour operator that prepares all the necessary equipment and contingency plan is recommended. Before planning to go to Antarctica, the tourist should prepare and know their capabilities. Health check-up is essential, and thick clothes are very important to keep the body warm. Bear in mind that an accident can happen at any time. Respect the regulations strictly such as do not walk onto glaciers, where you can fall into hidden crevasses. Environmental Impacts from Antarctica Tourism Many principal causes from the tourism can impact the ecosystem of Antarctica; for example pollution through sewage, fuels, oil, waste and noise from the transportation and human both tourists and scientists. Moreover, introduction of non-native soils, plants and animals, or even travel on foot and disturbance of local bird or seal breeding colonies also cause an impact. This is a very serious problem to the earth as it may destroy nature and accumulate into a big issue. Hence, it is one of the tour operators responsibilities to explain, train and advise the tourists how they have to behave during the trip. The information must contain clear, useful information of do and dont in Antarctica with the reason at the end so that the tourist will understand what will affect the environment if they break the rules. Climate change involves human interventions such as the emissions of greenhouse gases; the experience from National Antarctic Programs over the two decades demonstrates that reducing greenhouse gas emissions from human activities in Antarctica can yield huge benefits to global environment. Also all economic activities such as fisheries should be managed in a preventive way. According to the research, during the years 2004-2005 approximately 50,000 tourists traveled to Antarctica, therefore the average of each person emission of CO2 was 4 tons during their stay, which usually lasted several months (Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition, 2009). Glacier melt and ozone depletion are major problems to Antarctica as it affect the living creature. The main cause is from global warming that accelerate the melting of glaciers. Those effects include excessive flooding, rise in sea level and habitat loss (Buzzle, 2010). Chlorofluorocarbon or CFCs found in aerosol sprays, air conditioning systems and refrigerators is a major cause of the destruction of the ozone layer over Antarctica. There is an isolated region in the atmosphere which had a circular motion called polar vortex and researchers believe that the gases will float about 20-50 km above the ground towards Antarctica, thus, creating a big hole above (thinkquest, 2010). Moreover, poor visitors management can cause ecology damage such as stepping on the moss can affect its slow growing, disturbing wildlife can affect their behavior and their breeding, rubbish and waste from the ships and cruises can distort the balance of ecology. Even an accident such as oil spill and chemical leak can have a big impact, as it will take a long time to disappear from the sea surface (Gee, 2003). Future forecast for Antarctica in the year 2100 are 33% reduction of sea ice, all main krill will experience food limitations, and the number of mike whale will be depleted by 5-30%. A possible adaptation is to protect the area and maintain stable sea ice, control human activities to minimize impact and to implement appropriate biosecurity measures. Antarctica plays an important role in the Earths climate system as the research is crucial for understanding global warming, in conclusion it need to be monitored closely for every activity occurring in Antarctica. Regulation of Antarctic Tourism under the Antarctic Treaty System Antarctica is different from any other place in the world; it is a continent that is not owned by any country, organization or individual. The unique political situation makes the management of tourism activities here unlike any other tourist destinations. Seven countries making territory claims in Antarctica: Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom. The treaty was signed on December 1, 1959 with a total of 44 countries signing the treaty; 7 claim territory in Antarctica, 12 are Original Signatories and 27 are Consultative Parties (Australian Antarctic Division, 2000). The Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties (ATCPs) hold annual meetings to discuss issues and make recommendations to each partys government for the management of Antarctic affairs. The Treaty describes measures for rules setting to each area for proper use of the environment (Australian Antarctic Division, 2000). The main objectives of Treaty state that Antarctica is to be used for peaceful purposes and prohibit for military activities or any weapons, there are freedom for scientific research and scientific information sharing, radioactive and nuclear materials are banned (skwirk, 2010). It is good to have at least one organization to control and be responsible for the remote land like Antarctica otherwise there would not have been the land left until the present time. U.S diplomats proposed expanding the 50 years old of Antarctic Treaty System to include the restrictions on tourism. The Obama administration pushing the limits on the size of cruise ships sailing and the number of passengers bring to ashore to protect Antarcticas environment under international law restriction on tourism. The purpose is to minimize the accidental of marine oil spills to ensure that the tourism is responsible in safety and environmentally (fox news, 2010) Figure 2.1: Antarctica Territorial Claims (Source: Australia Antarctic Division) Figure 2.2: Antarctica Seven Countries Territorial Claims Figure 2.1 shows the big picture of the Antarctica and the Southern Ocean Territorial Claims by seven countries where figure 2.2 shows the small picture of those seven countries claims for clearly illustrate. Not many places in the Earth where there has never been war, the environment is flawlessly and fully protected which is the place where scientific research has full authority such like Antarctica. Because of no original inhabitant in this region, there should be some government sector to operate and monitor on it. The objectives of the Treaty is to ensure that the area is zone free for nuclear test and used the area for peaceful mission only, to promote international scientific and to set aside disputes over territorial sovereignty. Is Tourism in Antarctica Sustainable? And how to develop a sustainable tourism industry in the Antarctic Over the past few decades, tourism industry is one of the worlds fastest growing industries. So far, Antarctica is one of a few areas in the world that remained untouchable whereas the number of tourists has been steadily increasing according to the statistics from the beginning of Antarctic tourism in 1960s until now. The major environmental impact in Antarctic is from tourism; therefore sustainable tourism has been introduced and integrated into this area. Sustainable Tourism is an effective balance among economic, environmental and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development to ensure that there is less impact to the place visited and to guarantee long-term benefits for all community involved (UNWTO, 2004), including continue keeping the natural resources for our next generation to be seen as well as we have seen it today. Sustainability becomes the most frequently addressed in tourism during 1990s in order to maintain, preserve or rebuild resources for tourism development that have the least negative impacts on the natural environments, additionally, this is more environmentally friendly kind of tourism (Bauer, 2001). The term sustainable development is now replacing the old word conservation. One kind of tourism that is the expression of sustainable tourism development is called ecotourism (Ritchie Goeldner, 1994), implying that tourism development and resource protection can be compatible. During the progress of tourism, ecotourism offers opportunity for financial support for resource protection (Ziffer, 1989). Does tourism in Antarctica fall into ecotourism category? Since it offers travel experience with educational and outdoor adventure. Ecotourism can defined as travelling to remote or natural areas to enhance understanding with appreciation of environment and cultural heritage while avoiding deterioration to remain the same condition for others experiences (Figgis, 1993). Therefore, tourism in Antarctica could be one kind of ecotourism. The sustainable development goal in Antarctica including the role of tourism that focused on destination rather than human development. It is believed that tourists who visit Antarctica could be spokesperson and become more active in protecting the continent because they have seen the real scenario in front and would have the feeling to preserve this valuable territory. One of the article survey and interview with the tour organizer and tourist about the overview of the Antarctica tourism in the future, many of the interviewees believe that more regulation is really needed for effectively management and also the enforce restrictive policies should be issue. The way to improve the role of Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) for the regulation of Antarctic tourism is to establish a commission with the representatives from main tourism countries that reported to ATS (Lamers, 2009). Accreditation system set up has been suggested for tourism operators to guarantee safe and for industry standard s (Australia, 2004). The issue of specific restriction and prohibition of the number of tourists or ships visiting Antarctica has been raised, but that would be difficult because of political will and difficulties of enforcing as countries might not want to limit their economical opportunities in such area. Although the general principles of Antarctic tourism are accepted on environmental quality and human safety, in terms of future scale and the control of tourism development still in argument. Some opinion seeing tourism as a harmless activity, which can create ambassador of Antarctica against the devastating actions that might happen in the future. Second perspective sees tourism as a potential source of income for local stakeholder such as National Antarctic Program or NAPs. Third perspective sees that tourism is allowable as long as there is no negative impact to the environment (Lamers, 2009). The last perspective is a good conclusion due to the fact that travel with harmless to the nature is one k ind of sustainable travelling therefore the clearly tourism policy towards Antarctica should be made suddenly. Planning with the solution is quite a good review in order to maintain the last resources of the world. Adaptation to the situation is also necessary, we must change our life before we are force to do so (Thomas, 2009). How can sustainable tourism in Antarctica be achieved? It is not an accountability of any company, organization or country but it need cooperation from everyone who involve in such businesses or places such as the tour operator, tourist, government or even the local who live near the tourist attraction. Antarctica is the ultimate destination for anyone interested in natural history but it also challenges those people who visit to think broadly about our responsibilities to all life on Earth. Thats the view of Dr.Robert Lambert, a lecturer on Tourism and the Environment at The University of Nottingham, who has just returned from the Antarctic as an observer for the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) (Science Daily, 2008). Hence, any trash should not be leave in the area to maintain natural and undestroyed, the tourist should realize that they are short-term visit, full responsible and ethical to surrounding environment is essential. Conclusion In order to practice sustainable tourism in Antarctica, it should be clearly understood the concept that to be sustainable is to travel with conscious and deeply understand the value of nature, be concerned and realize the consequences that might happen in the future are not only in a positive way but also in negative ways. The concept of sustainable tourism is wider scope on economics, environmental and socio-cultural whereas ecotourism is focus on environmental and ecological issues. In addition, sustainable tourism is emphasize on indigenous people, in this case it mean the local fauna that live in Antarctica. The preservationist anxious that in the future Antarctica will be in the crisis of global warming which is the result from human activities that may cause the fauna become extinct. In addition, the ozone depletion that makes the world get higher temperature and make the glacier melt is one of the possibilities for the disappearance of Antarctica Continent in the next decade. A big flooding could happen as Antarctica has about 95% of the worlds fresh water reserves, therefore it is possibility effect to the near located countries and also to the world. An active contribution to the community is one kind of sustainable tourism as some tourists might volunteer to help create or preserve the natural resources. The tourist who visit to the rare place of the world like Antarctica must be arrogant and feel cherish that give a power to do something to help promote or preserve the precious place before it is too late to protect. They may give a donation to the foundation, or write a story on the internet to share their experience and their feeling visiting the wonderland like Antarctica. This is another way to express their intention of how important to preserve and make it sustainable. Since the current world is relying on the cyber and internet, the information putting should be trustworthy to avoid misunderstanding. To answer the research question: How to develop a sustainable tourism industry in the Antarctic? will not be easy if there is a lack of cooperation from many sides or parties that have to relate and share in Antarctic tourism. Henceforth, the organization that have influence in Antarctica such as the seven countries that making territory claims or Antarctic Treaty Consultative Party (ATCP), International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) should have an explicitly guideline to the concerning parties. Updated regulation and prohibition is crucial due to the world has change and the old rules may not comply with the new facing problems. As the Antarctic tourism regulated by ATCP has been considered weak and too slow in implementation process and decision-making (Bastmeijer Roura, 2004), also many regulations are not legally compulsory (Bastmeijer, 2003) therefore transparently operation is very important in the self-regulatory regime. World Tourism Organisation (WTO) launched the principle of sustainable tourism and defined as: development that meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future. It is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems (WTO, 1993). The success of a sustainable tourism development in the Antarctic should be combining with the sustainable use, resource conservation, economic development and diversification, learning about the natural and cultural environment (Wylie, 1994). Good sources of information and knowledge are very important in development since the tourists may not know deeply about Antarctica as scientist, for that reason the tourists must have useful information about the place visit and know how to behave during the trip. Such information is very vital to avoid the risk of effecting an environment and ecosystem. Travelling with unharmed nature is the best solution to develop sustainable tourism since we can be appreciate the nature and at the same time can keep the same resources last long.

The Importance of Olivia in Twelfth Night Essay -- Twelfth Night essay

The Importance of Olivia in Twelfth Night      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Olivia, in Twelfth Night, is the character who unifies the play by her involvement in each of the three plots.   Olivia is loved by Orsino, but she loves Cesario.   Olivia plays a vital role in the plot to gull Malvolio, although she is unaware of it.   Olivia also has an active role in the plot to dupe Sir Andrew because he is jealous of her attention towards Cesario. In conlusion Olivia is the one who inifies the play the best.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Olivia is involved the the love plot more then any other plot in which she is involved in.   Olivia is loved by others, and she is also in love with others.   The Duke Orsino is in love with Olivia.   Although he has not really seen or actually talked to her about this subject.   Sir Andrew is also in love with Olivia, he has been with Olivia for quite some time before and during the play.   Malvolio is thought to be in love for a small period of time.&nbs...

‘Foul Shots’ by Rogelio Gomez Essay

The readings â€Å"Foul Shots† by Rogelio Gomez and â€Å"Civilize them with a Stick† by Mary Crow Dog reflects on the discrimination and prejudice experienced in places of education. In â€Å"Foul Shouts,† Gomez examines the shame and anger he felt as a teenager faced with obstacles of race and social class while Mary, a Sioux woman writes on the debasement and racism in a satire on color prejudice she suffered as a young student at a boarding school. They both write from past experiences in some measure of cynicism and open mockery they were subject to in school. There is a general mood of hatred and indignation. Often, a single check mark in a box labeled African American, Hispanic, American Indian, or one of several other underrepresented minorities listed in the ethnicity section of college eligibility and rights can mean the difference between acceptance and rejection. Although diversity is an important part of a liberal education, it is by no means its onl y goal. No liberal education can be said to take place where there is an atmosphere of resentment and injustice, as is the case on most universities where affirmative action is practiced today. An aggressive race-based affirmative action program contradicts the idea of a liberal education. The dogma has logical consequences that are profoundly important. If blacks, for example, are equal to whites in every way, what accounts for their poverty, criminality, and dissipation? Since any theory of racial differences has been outlawed, the only possible explanation for black humiliation is racism. And since minorities are markedly poor, crime-prone, and dissipated like Mary suffers in â€Å"Civilize them with a stick†. All public discourse on race today is locked into this rigid logic. Though the failure of minority students does not depend on white wickedness, Gomez in â€Å"A foul shot† is stoned with disillusion of being labeled as a â€Å"learning disability† because he fails to pass first grade. Look more:  examples of satire essays This type of disparage threatens to veer off into the forbidden territory of racial differences. A similar incident is noticed in Mary’s piece † Civilize them with a stick† where she is singled out as a bad example for unchastity in class. Thus, even if today’s whites can find in their hearts no desire to oppress minorities, yesterday’s whites must have oppressed them. Some whites do not consciously oppress blacks. They oppress them unconsciously. The dogma of racial equality leaves no room for an explanation of minority failure that is not,  in some fashion, an indictment. The logical consequences of these discrimination and feelings of inferiority are clear in both readings. Since we are required to believe that the only explanation Mary’s failure is racism, every time a minority is poor, commits a crime, goes on welfare, or takes drugs, the priests and sisters stands accused of yet another act of racism. All failure or misbehavior by the white students, stand as proof that the society is riddled with hatred and bigotry. For precisely so long as non-American Indians or non- pure Indians fail to succeed in life at exactly the same level as the minority students, the Indians will be, by definition, thwarting and oppressing them. This obligatory pattern of thinking leads to strange conclusions. First of all, the racism in Mary’s school is a sin that is committed almost exclusively by Holy people. Thus, whether or not an act is called racism depends on the race of the racist. There is another curious asymmetry about American racism. When non-whites advance their own racial purposes, no one ever accuses them of â€Å"hating† another group. They can agitate openly for racial preferences that come only at the expense of non-whites. The coach in â€Å"Foul Shots† tries to wipe out separation due to feelings of minority by asking both teams to hang out in pairs after the games. Should they actually go so far as to say that they prefer the company of their own kind that they wish to be left alone to enjoy the fruits of their heritage? Here, then is the final, baffling inconsistency about American race relations. All non-whites are allowed to prefer the company of their own kind, separating themselves from others who differ to think of themselves as groups with interests distinct from those of the whole, and to work openly for group advantage. This kind of hatred is not peculiar to the colleges alone. Many teenagers who are either in the hate groups or have a lack of faith in equality are made this way through their high schools. Many high schools are either all black or all white and influence the way that teens think. The all black schools even resemble the schools of old. They have minimal funding and substandard equipment. They are always in the worst neighborhoods and are filled with drugs and violence. In all white high schools, on the other hand, students are not  accustomed to being around blacks. This might be one of the reasons that blacks and whites do not mix well in colleges. At the same time, whites must also champion the racial interests of non-whites. They must sacrifice their own future on the altar of â€Å"diversity† and cooperate in their own dispossession. Perhaps if everyone would have a positive outlook on this problem in the future, there will be an end to all of the segregation in this nation’s schools and everywhere else that this pestilence exists. They only wish Mary asks in the â€Å"Civilize them with a stick,† is to be left alone to participate in the unfolding of her racial and cultural destinies.

Advertising and the construction of Violent White Masculinity Essay

The article â€Å"Advertising and the construction of Violent White Masculinity† points to the controversy of violence and media. It emphasizes that the mainstream debate about media and violence does not emphasis or analyze the most important aspect, namely gender. Katz states that the media illustrates a wrong image of individuals committing crime by calling them ‘youth’ crimes or ‘kids’ love. He believes however that the reason why crime is committed 90% by males is due to the masculinity emphasized in our society. He also mentions that there is lack of attention on criminals from majority groups such as Whites but an emphasis by crime conducted by minority groups. The article suggests that research has avoided to explicitly specify the relationship between masculinity and violent behavior by white men has been avoided in research.Katz believes to be able to illustrate some ways to display the hegemonic construction of masculinity that is present i n mainstream magazine ads and how these ads help to normalize violent male behavior. Katz suggests that one way violence is normalized is through the movie industry which shows white males engaging in violent actions without being depicted as villains. Moreover, they are regarded as heroes. The boom of the movie industry collided with the instability that was created economically for the White middle-class population. The heroes of the movie industry served as role models enabling the male white population to gain stability with masculine power through size and strength. According to Katz the physical body was the only way to obtain dominance and control for those who did not have economic resources to achieve manhood. Katz mentions another way our society tries to normalize violence in the white middle class, namely through advertisements. As Katz writes the ads are full of depictions of dangerous looking men. He points out the bidirectional relationship between advertisements and other socially accepted events such as sports and movies. Advertisements are filled with dangerous looking violent sports men or movie stars and on the other hand the movies or sports events display ads containing the same violent men, enhancing the impact these ads have on the white middle class. The other reason why the media exhibits the violent man is due to the decline of gender differences. Differences between males and females became more rigid. Men needed a way to differ from women, this was possible with becoming more identical with violent behavior. This is where violence becomes justified especially  against women as only a means to represent masculinity.Katz examines further the nature of ads regarding violence and masculinity. As he writes there are specific premises that are represented in ads about masculinity and violence. The first one is the notion that violence is genetically programmed male behavior. This notion is justified by ads showing historical events that were lead by powerful and violent and dangerous men. Some ads also show scenarios that involve violence against other ethnic groups or women. The second premise is concerned with the military and sports that are another source of masculinity. Uniformed soldiers and players are used in different kinds of ads. Using athletes or soldiers for these products, advertising creates the idea that using the advertised products will not decrease masculinity. The third point is the identification of muscularity with masculinity. Muscles are equated masculinity and power. Physical fitness becomes a major way for white men to keep their masculinity. Finally there is the notion of heroic actions being equal to violent masculinity. Movies play a very important role in illustrating this equation. One other significant point is that movies no only justify violence but also glorify violence.

How to write a winning business plan - Emphasis

How to write a winning business plan How to write a winning business plan Whether youre setting up a new business venture or trying to get the go-ahead for a project, theres one essential document you need. Rob Ashton, Chief Executive of Emphasis, gives a step-by-step guide to writing a good business plan. Why you need one Theres a memorable conversation in Lewis Carrolls novel Alice in Wonderland, where Alice asks the Cheshire cat for directions. She says it doesnt matter where she gets to, as long as she gets somewhere. This leads the cat to reply: Then it doesnt matter which way you go. If you dont have a crystal-clear vision of where you want your business to go, youll be as confused as Alice when you hit a crossroads. Your business plan is your route to growth and success. But in order to write it, you need to know what you really want to achieve. This means youll have to spend time examining the strengths and weaknesses of your business, a process that has numerous pay-offs in itself. Researching your own company helps you to take a critical look at what you have to offer and who your competitors are. This enables you to better navigate the industry minefields and gives you a benchmark against which to measure success. Many people think of business plans as a necessary evil, written only to gain external funding. Instead, look at yours as an essential planning tool, whatever your financial situation. Remember, if you dont plan where to go, youre inadvertently planning on going nowhere. Crafting your business plan Heres a seven-step guide to writing your business plan. Work through each section and youll have an ordered, content-rich document that gets you where you want to go. Step one Description of the business After the executive summary (see step seven), the first thing youll need to do is describe your business. Get started by asking the following questions: What do I sell or offer? Why? To whom do I sell? What is the history of the business? What is my vision for the future? What is different about the services I offer? What is the legal structure of the company? Think about your audience carefully before you write the description. Ask yourself what words and phrases they will understand and be careful not to include too much jargon. Step two Market research Think about your industry and what you think the future trends will be. Then analyse your competition. Determine what size of the market they hold and then clearly define where you fit into the mix. Step three Marketing and sales strategy Ask yourself why companies buy what you offer, and how you sell it. Think about how you are going to reach the organisations that need your services and what pricing plans youll offer. Whether youre an in-house department, specialist contractor or a large multi-service company, therell be a variety of ways to reach prospective clients. Step four Management and personnel team Many facilities management companies claim that people are their best asset. Think carefully about your management team and outline the background, experience and qualifications of each individual. The people on your team will often make or break your success. Fully evaluate their credentials and look out for any skill gaps that could be improved with training. Step five Operations Analyse the location of your business, in terms of advantages and disadvantages. Your own premises, production facilities and IT systems must be excellent. Make sure you address any weaknesses in your plan with recommendations for improvement. Step six Financial forecast This section requires you to translate the contents of your plan into numbers. Include cash flow statements, profit and loss forecasts and a sales forecast. Dont forget that if youre looking for funding, you need to spell out how much you need and how youll repay the loan. Step seven The executive summary Leave this until last, even though it goes right at the beginning. Once youve followed all the other steps, youre in a position to write this stand-alone document, which outlines the key points in your entire plan. Keep it to a maximum of two pages. Remember, some people will only read this section so make it shine. Tip: rather than trying to distil the full document down, follow your original document plan. Just write less in each section this time (a couple of sentences or a paragraph, rather than several pages). Finally, the ink may be dry but your business is constantly changing. Your business plan is a dynamic document, so youll need to update it regularly.

Information Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Information Management - Coursework Example This paper analyzes the unique e-business model perpetuated by Ebay with respect to conceptual frameworks like Porter’s five forces model and value chain analysis. The findings reveal both the competencies of Ebay and the surrounding factors which favored the growth of EBay’s business model, owing to the need of speed, access and frequency of information managed in the industry. Recommendations follow at last to highlight few of the threats and means to overcome them. Introduction The selection of the topic is very relevant and significant in relation to the increased popularity of electronic means of transactions and trading platforms being devised. Company chosen also reflects careful consideration in this regard because Ebay holds the recognition of being the first ever organization to use information systems as its competitive weapon after the dismal performance of Dot.com. While selecting the frameworks to analyze, both external and internal environment have been t aken care of. Porter’s five forces model helped develop better insights about market forces which shaped up the creation of such a business model and value chain analysis helped understand the techniques and strategies implemented by Ebay in turning the industry attractiveness factors to its advantage. Use of journal articles from Harvard business review made the work more interesting and valuable as deep level understanding came from expert’s opinions and observations. Overview of organization- Ebay Ebay holds the accredition of being the first online marketplace for buyers and sellers to trade online. Transcending from traditional business practices, the core philosophy and positioning statement of Ebay lies in providing a common platform for diverse buyer and seller communities worldwide to transact and achieving a breakthrough by automating the brick and mortar presence of trading. The essence of e-commerce has been realized and absorbed more seriously by Ebay than any other online retailer. It presents an example of deploying and using information systems to its competitive advantage because of the primary components of managing information systems in place. From developing technological tools and components to providing for customer support and care, technology stands at the heart of EBay’s corporate strategy. Even regulatory compliances and IT policies are standardized and adhered to which demonstrates the pure professional attitude of Ebay in adopting information technology as the driver to its Numero Uno status. External environment analysis To establish the uniqueness of e-business model of Ebay through the use of information systems, it is first essential to look at the surrounding factors and their impact on the general industry practices where Ebay has placed itself differently. Porter’s Five Forces Power of suppliers- The field in which Ebay operates is crowded by limitless number of suppliers because online auctioning and internet based buying and selling business has thrived leaps and bounds in the recent years. All the major competitors of Ebay namely Amazon, Yahoo and even Dell has forayed into internet world to offer and sell their products. However, distinguishing factor in this industry is the availability of own warehouses which saves a lot of expenditure and offers cost effectiveness. While Ebay has developed the market of

Employment At Will Doctrine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Employment At Will Doctrine - Essay Example Under Employment-at-Will doctrine, the employer has the free will of terminating an employee’s contract term or erasing the employment terms with or without substantial grounds to do so. This is always effective and applicable provided the employee does not belong to any rights movement. The employee lacks the requisite expertise to respond competently to her duties and responsibilities. The organization has tried its best in putting her through further training in order for her to gain enough skills to enable her to do her work yet she cannot perform in a way that fulfills her responsibility. As a manager, the most important decision that is in the best interest of the company is to relieve her of her duties since she has even failed to benefit from the support and training the company has given her. She has failed to comply with the competency of her position.The fact that she knows and understands her rights does not entitle her to be irresponsible to undertake her duties d uly and as required by the policies, rules, and regulations of the company. According to the employment rule and liability, an employee ought to be responsible for her actions and be responsible for the duties she has been assigned. It is important to outline that all employees are flexible to corrections of their mistakes as observed by the management and other employees. As a manager, under the employment-at-will doctrine, I have the responsibility to terminate her employment with or without any reasonable ground to do so.... Employment-at-Will doctrine, the employer has the free will of terminating an employee’s contract term or erasing the employment terms with or without substantial grounds to do so. This is always effective and applicable provided the employee does not belong to any rights movement. In this case, the employee lacks the requisite expertise to respond competently to her duties and responsibilities. The organization has tried its best in putting her through further training in order for her to gain enough skills to enable her to do her work yet she cannot perform in a way that fulfills her responsibility. As a manager the most important decision that is in the best interest of the company is to relieve her of her duties since she has even failed to benefit from the support and training the company has given her. She has failed to comply with the competency of her position and job capacity (Cihon, 2008). Case Two The fact that she knows and understands her rights does not entitle h er to be irresponsible to undertake her duties duly and as required by the policies, rules and regulations of the company. According to the employment rule and liability an employee ought to be responsible for her actions and be responsible for the duties she has been assigned. It is important to outline that all employees are flexible to corrections of their mistakes as observed by the management and other employees (Twomey, 2010). As a manager, under the employment-at-will doctrine I have the responsibility to terminate her employment or contract with or without any reasonable ground to do so. In this case, the employee appears defiant, and threatens the top management with her acknowledgement and awareness of her rights (Twomey, 2010). There is enough ground to prove that the employee has